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In the same experimental model, NaHS also prevented mitochondrial production of ROS and apoptosis, reduced nitrite levels and Mn-SOD activity, restored mitochondrial function, and decreased mitochondrial swelling in the brain of rats with HHcy [142]

Moreover, HIF-1 also increases NADPH production from the HMP pathway to upregulate glutathione synthesis to maintain redox homeostasis

Furthermore, elevation in ELF GSH levels was not arbitrary since the CS induced GSH adaptive response after a 3d exposure period prevented GSH levels from dropping below basal levels

Cutting-edge technologies have advanced our understanding regarding the signaling pathways that are activated by physical exercise and specific nutrient uptake rich in antioxidants