glutathione redox status cycle. In the schematic diagram are represented the Frontiers | Glutathione: new roles

The treadmill speed was set at 27m/min and slope at zero degree

Neither animals nor plants can live without vitamin C, and it is therefore surprising that some animals (some fishes and birds, and a few mammals, including guinea pigs and humans) have lost the capability to produce it over the course of evolution

In addition to its direct ability to scavenge free radicals, PQQ stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis via activation of PGC-1 and induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT, promoting an adaptive response to oxidative stress [41]

Given that many chain-breaking antioxidants used in the food industry structurally resemble those used in medicine, it has been proposed that these food antioxidants might serve a dual purpose: acting both as preservatives and as antioxidants beneficial to consumers